'The Fortress of Königstein from the North' by Bellotto, which was due to be exported from Britain, has been saved for the nation and goes on display in Trafalgar Square today (Tuesday 22 August 2017).
Bellotto’s works are among the very greatest of 18th-century view paintings, and 'The Fortress of Königstein from the North' is undoubtedly one of the finest examples. It stands out as a highly evocative and beautiful depiction of a fortified location within an extensive panoramic landscape, and has no real parallel in European painting.
If Bellotto was once overlooked in favour of his more famous uncle, Canaletto, today he is recognised as one of the most distinctive artistic personalities of his century. The acquisition of this masterpiece by the National Gallery will cement Bellotto’s reputation with both British and international visitors, giving him a significant place on the walls at Trafalgar Square that is long overdue.
The National Gallery is very strong in 18th-century view paintings, however almost all of our works are of Italian sites. Bellotto’s 'The Fortress of Königstein from the North' is the first major 18th-century landscape at the National Gallery to depict a Northern European view, and so this acquisition creates a bridge between Northern and Southern European painting in the collection.
The £11,670,000 acquisition has been made possible thanks to a generous legacy from Mrs Madeline Swallow, a £550,000 grant from Art Fund, contributions from the American Friends of the National Gallery and the National Gallery Trust, and the support of Howard and Roberta Ahmanson, the Deborah Loeb Brice Foundation, the Manny and Brigitta Davidson Charitable Foundation, the Sackler Trust, and other individual donors, trusts, and foundations.
The vast (132.1 x 236.2 cm) panoramic painting which depicts the Fortress of Königstein, near Dresden and is one of a series of five large-scale views of the ancient hilltop fortress commissioned by Augustus III, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, in about 1756. Here, the fortress is seen perched atop a crag, its fortifications providing an imposing contrast to the verdant landscape that surrounds it, in which peasants talk and work. Bellotto combines topographical accuracy in the fortress with pastoral invention in the figures. Imbued with a monumentality rarely seen in 18th-century Italian view painting, 'The Fortress of Königstein from the North' dramatically illustrates the very different direction in which Bellotto took the Venetian tradition of the 'veduta'.
The escalation of the Seven Years' War in Saxony - a war that reshaped the balance of power in Europe - just after the series was commissioned meant that the views of Königstein were never delivered. All five paintings were imported into Britain, probably during Bellotto’s lifetime, and they all remained in this country until 1993 when one of them was sold to Washington.* Unlike Canaletto, today Bellotto is underrepresented in the UK: there are just 13 Bellotto paintings in our public collections, nearly all Italian views and mostly minor works.
Visitors can see 'The Fortress of Königstein from the North' from today as part of a special display in Room 40 dedicated to its purchase. In early 2018 it will move to Room 38 and hang alongside works by fellow Italian view painters, his uncle Canaletto and Canaletto's successor in Venice, Francesco Guardi.
'The Fortress of Königstein from the North' will also be the focus of wide-ranging public programmes engaging audiences nationwide, including a touring exhibition and educational programmes at museums across the UK: locations to be confirmed shortly.
Arts Minister John Glen said:
"This stunning painting demonstrates Bellotto's masterful technique and striking composition. I'm delighted to hear that thanks to the Government's export bar process it has been saved for the nation and will now be displayed at the National Gallery for the public to enjoy."
Stephen Deuchar, Art Fund Director, said:
“The acquisition of this masterpiece of grand European topography is an important save for the nation's collections, and Art Fund trustees are delighted to have made a major contribution towards securing it for the National Gallery and for the pleasure of its visitors from around the world.”
National Gallery Director, Dr Gabriele Finaldi, says:
“This superb painting, which has been saved for the nation, shows Bellotto as one of the greatest view painters of his time. It is a truly significant acquisition for the National Gallery by an artist whose career took him to several European capitals, including Venice, Dresden, Vienna, Munich, and Warsaw.”
